Tehran, the 200-year-old capital of Iran, is a young city with a complex political and social structure compared to many other cities in the country. Therefore, creating a sense of place and the formation of social relations in this metropolis has faced complexities, and the partisan and modernist view of urban planners has reduced the sense of belonging in the residents and, consequently, has reduced the vitality of this city. In the comprehensive plan for organizing and developing Cultural spaces in the metropolis of Tehran, an area called the Cultural Zone of Tehran has been determined. The purpose of choosing this Zone was to give the Tehran Space Organization an outlook for the development of Cultural spaces. The boundaries of this Zone are designated in accordance with the natural-historical structure of Tehran and is located in the north-south and east-west. Using the combination of three models – Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), Micmac, and Topsis– this paper attempted to prioritize attention towards the factors influencing the sense of place based on the views of experts and residents of Jamaran Cultural Tourist Zone, an area located in the Cultural Zone of Tehran. The results of the interpretive structural modelling in 5 stages showed that the most important factor that influence the sense of place is the concept of territory. This was determined based on the first stage questionnaire of Delphi from the perspective of urban planners and design experts. Based on the output of the Micmac model, in explaining the sense of place in the Cultural Zone of Tehran, three categories of "drivers", "dependents" and "autonomous" was identified but there was no "linkage" factor. At the end, in order to provide suggestions and prioritize attention towards the sense of place in Jamaran Cultural Tourist Zone, the overall result of the three models was used, and it was found that the top priorities that needs attention to enrich the sense of place in the study area, are the sense of presence, level of security, the concept of territory, and social amenity.

Tourism industry is a context where the gap between culture and economy decreases, since beside its economic advantages, tourism is known for its socioCultural aspects. Among others, ecotourism is a form of tourism which is highly depend on Cultural activities and traditional Tourist lodges is a recent answer to ecoTourists' need of residency. With a sociological view, these kinds of lodges can be a context to the Cultural economy where authenticity matters. How could applying authenticity in these traditional Tourist lodges, help Cultural economy develop? To answer this question, this paper studied the stakeholders' perception of authenticity, using deductive qualitative content analysis. To categorize the semi-structured interviews with 16 owners and 17 Tourists, categories were extracted based on Gilmore and Pine's theory of authenticity. Results showed that presenting authenticity in these lodges should be continued in five phases: authenticity before starting the construction, authenticity during the construction of subjective elements, authenticity during the construction of objective elements, authenticity during the interactions, authenticity after Tourist's leaving. Owners trying to present authenticity to their guests would help in the development of Cultural economy.

Urbanization is a global process that has spread to developing countries in the twentieth century. The integration of villages into cities is a result of rapid urbanization in developing countries. Today it is a spatial-social problem. With the rapid expansion of cities into surrounding villages, take their natural functions. This creates a disparity in the various aspects of physical, economical, social, Cultural and environmental issues in the villages. The main objective of this research is to investigate the impact of housing reform in urban and rural primary texture of Jamaran. This research from the objective point of view is an applied one and from nature and method is a descriptive- analytical method. T test at 95% level has been used in this research for studying the significant difference of the indices in the rural areas and the urban textures . The results showed that rural textures is minor. Buildings on the rural textures is degradation ,and in the urban textures, is newer .highest Building density is in the rural textures. Most of buildings in the rural textures are one and two storeys. Rural textures have a lower permeability than the urban textures. T-test results showed, there is physical-spatial heterogeneity of housing system between rural and urban texture.

Introduction and purpose of research: The most important factor involved in the local community and effective urban management is to achieve sustainable development. In the development, people must be seen; be given the opportunity to participate which could take the path of development. In the present study, Participation in the management of the neighborhood's residents Jamaran authors analyzed are And strategies to attract people's participation in community management are proposed.Methods: This descriptive-analytic study and application-development is the goal. Two methods of data collection and library survey questionnaire was conducted. The sample size was based on Cochran formula, 360 patients were selected.Findings: The rate of participation in the management of neighborhood resident’s Jamaran, at a low level; While Willingness to participate in a high level. Among those who contribute more than 50 percent of the Advisory Physical and economic participation and contributions are allocated to the lowest level. Between social variables and participation in neighborhood management, a significant positive correlation was obtained this means that the increase in social variables, turnout will increase.Conclusion: The development of community-based people's participation. Infrastructure necessary to participate in the management of neighborhood residents in the Jamaran to come, the residents who are interested in participating and that seems to be the obvious potential of local communities especially in terms of participation used. Guidelines in this regard should be provided That people have the ability to participate and neighborhood management in particular those not and all the people involved in neighborhood management.

This study investigates the mediating role of mobile application satisfaction in the relationship between positive interCultural encounters, Cultural intelligence, and Tourist experience. It addresses a critical gap in understanding how digital tools facilitate meaningful cross-Cultural engagement within tourism contexts. This applied, descriptive-analytical research was conducted among 371 Tourists visiting Yazd Province, selected through simple random sampling. Validity was confirmed through convergent and discriminant validity assessments, and reliability was established via Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Multivariate normality was confirmed. Subsequently, the hypothesized relationships were examined using SEM in Amos24, employing the robust Maximum Likelihood (MLR) estimation method to ensure robust parameter estimates. Results indicate that while the direct effects between interCultural encounters and Cultural intelligence and Tourist experience were nonsignificant, significant indirect effects emerged through mobile app satisfaction. InterCultural encounters positively predicted app satisfaction, which in turn enhanced Cultural intelligence and Tourist experience.  Bootstrapping confirmed significant mediation for Cultural intelligence and Tourist experience.  Mobile applications serve as pivotal conduits for transforming interCultural interactions into enhanced Cultural competence and enriched travel experiences. These findings underscore the importance of digital infrastructure in modern tourism management and offer practical implications for experience design.

This paper has taken the tourism development evaluation of Nour Township sample villages using cross-sectional survey methodology under consideration. Moreover, it studies the dimensions and effective characteristics in tourism stability. The study collected information using document and library methods. The target population of this study is target villages and tourism sample of Noor city. The study area (target villages and tourism sample of Noor city) has 14 villages and 1574 households. Based on Cochran's formula, 310 household heads were selected as the sample size. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using Spearman test and the barometric model. The goal of this paper is to answer the question: “ how is the stability evaluation in socio-Cultural tourism development in target villages, and tourism sample in the Nour township. For this purpose, the present study evaluates sustainability of tourism and the role of each factor in a time period (Spring Summer 97) by developing a practical method. The results of field research and evaluation of these indicators in rural areas of the Noor city indicate that there is a significant relationship between tourism development and sustainability of target villages and tourism sample of Noor city in socio-Cultural dimensions of existence and socio-Cultural dimensions of 0/488. It has a medium stability level.

Tourism or Touristy is an industry with the foundation of traveling and sightseeing. It is considered as one of the most important modern human activities that could make changes in political, social, economic, and Cultural situations of societies. In this industry production and consumption exist together and happen at the same time. Development of tourism produces jobs and improves the economy and enhances investment opportunities in the region. Hence, it can fulfill economic, social, and Cultural needs of the area.Cities of Abadan and Khoramshahr which now called “Arvand free Zone” were two of the major Tourist sights of the country not too long ago. But war, followed infrastructure destruction, and lack of proper planning have caused them to lose their primary position in tourism. This district includes many natural beautiful Tourist attraction sights like palm groves, picturesque villages, Karoon and Bahmanshir and Arvandrood rivers, inner cities historical and commercial and industrial and Cultural Tourist attractions and also variant connective roads and buildings affected by war (which gives them historical value too). Having those all on top of being located in the free Zone make this region a strategic one. This region can take back its place in tourism by organized and accurate planning. This planning for the tourism improvement will be possible by understanding of the capacity of each area for tourism, and then making a plan based on its potential capabilities. This research is trying to introduce Arvand Free Zone Tourist sights utilizing analyticsl methods and also studying the foundation of tourism. Accordingly, we identify the axes of attractions and tourism in the region, through the identification and evaluation of internal and external factors affecting this important industry techniques with SWOT, sustainable tourism development strategies are provided.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Cultural advertisements on Tourist attraction, focusing on their effectiveness in conveying the unique Cultural aspects of a destination. A descriptive study using a structured questionnaire was conducted with a sample of Tourists who have been exposed to visual media advertising of Tourist destinations. Orams and Page’s (2000) Tourists Questionnaire, included questions related to the awareness, appeal, and influence of visual media advertisements on their travel decisions. The results of the study indicated that modern visual media advertising plays a significant role in attracting Tourists to destinations. The majority of respondents was aware of visual media advertisements and found them appealing. Furthermore, a significant number of respondents reported that visual media advertisements influenced their travel decisions.The results showed that the advertising media with the greatest impact in terms of attracting the audience and Tourists included the website, television, Instagram, location symbols, environmental graphics, Telegram, cameras, YouTube, special tourism channels and Facebook. The study revealed that the modern visual media advertising is effective tool for attracting Tourists to destinations. From a sociological point of view, these media play an important role in promoting Cultural development and growth. It is important for destination marketers to utilize visual media platforms effectively to reach a wider audience and promote their destinations.

Introduction Wayfinding is an important aspect that should be considered to help guide Tourists to tourism cities. Citizens 'wayfinding behavior is different from Tourists' wayfinding behavior due to differences in the degree of familiarity with the environment and different perceptions of the environment. This causes wayfinding anxiety among Tourists. A basic principle in reducing Tourists wayfinding anxiety in tourism cities is user-centered design and taking into account the Cultural characteristics of Tourists. Because urban tourism arises from the movement of human beings with different cultures, and each Tourist, according to its Cultural characteristics, emphasizes certain aspects of wayfinding. Considering the special Cultural values of Tourists and the impact on wayfinding behavior, there seems to be a significant relationship between Cultural values of Tourists and their wayfinding anxiety. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to explain the effect of Cultural values on the wayfinding anxiety of Azeri and Mazani subCultural Tourists in District 8 of Mashhad Municipality for facilitate the wayfinding of these Tourists. This study also explains the differences and similarities between the wayfinding anxiety of the Tourists of the subcultures by emphasizing their Cultural values. Methodology This research is applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of data collection method. District 8 of Mashhad Municipality has been selected as the environment of research due to the high potentials of tourism and the high volume of Tourists and the lack of proper measures to facilitate their wayfinding. According to field observations and questions from the authorities of Tourist accommodation, two subcultures Azeri (Provinces of East, West Azerbaijan, Ardabil) and Mazani (Mazandaran province), which constitute a large volume of the population of domestic Tourists to District 8 of Mashhad Municipality, have been selected as a case study. The statistical population is domestic Tourists in Mashhad in 2020 (30 million people) that the two groups of Tourists (97 people) were purposefully sampled in District 8. Based on the prototype and estimating the ratio of Azeri Tourists to Mazani (2: 1), the sample size is obtained according to the Cochran's formula. In this research, a combined comparative method has been used. First, after forming the research topic and determining the research questions and purpose, the theoretical framework was developed with the help of theoretical propositions. Then, field information was collected from the samples using a questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha method in SPSS software, "0. 711", which indicates the optimal validity of the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire has been evaluated by face validity method by experts and its reliability has been confirmed. Results and discussion According to the results of comparing the components of Cultural values of Tourists (Azeri and Mazani) in Mashhad using t-test, Cultural values of "individualism/collectivism, masculinity/ femininity, uncertainty avoidance, orientation, negligence/strictness» with a significance rate of less than 0. 05, have been associated with the subculture of Tourists and have created a significant difference between Azeri and Mazani Tourists. Also, by comparing the components of wayfinding anxiety of Azeri and Mazani Tourists using t-test, the components of "getting lost, unfamiliarity with the environment, complexity of the environment, limited time for wayfinding, unsafe environments, spatial memory, adventure rate, survey strategy" with a significance level of less than 0. 05, they have created a significant difference between Azeri and Mazani Tourists, which can be explained according to the Cultural values of each of the two groups of Tourists under study. According to the findings from Chi-square and Kramer correlation tests, the amount of chi-square obtained by comparing the frequencies of Azeri and Mazani Tourists in 5 variable classes of anxious situations in wayfinding is 21. 094, which is statistically significant. The value of Kramer correlation coefficient is 0. 466 and the criterion of decision is 0. 000. Therefore, there is a significant relationship with high intensity between anxious situations and each two groups of Tourists. Also the amount of chi-square obtained by comparing the frequencies of Azeri and Mazani Tourists in 5 variable categories of wayfinding guidance tools is equal to 18. 429 and the value of Kramer correlation coefficient is equal to 0. 436 and the value of the decision criterion is 0. 001. Therefore, there is a significant relationship with high intensity between wayfinding tools in times of anxiety and each of the two groups of Tourists in this study. According to the results of qualitative analysis of Tourist wayfinding anxiety factors and wayfinding strategies in times of anxiety, Azeri pointed to categories that can be explained by their low reliability and individualism and the mentioned categories from the point of view of Mazani Tourists are derived from their high credibility and collectivism. Conclusions Facilitating the wayfinding process and identifying where a person is located, where they want to go, and from where and how they will reach their destination is an unavoidable necessity in the design and planning process of tourism cities to be considered. In none of the previous researches, the relationship between culture and tourism wayfinding behavior as well as the role of Tourists' Cultural values on wayfinding anxiety in tourism cities has not been studied. According to the results of this study, there is a significant relationship between the factors affecting Tourist wayfinding anxiety and their Cultural values, because the level of anxiety and anxious situations in the wayfinding of Azeri and Mazani Tourists and even the type of strategies used by them after feeling anxious have been completely different. These differences are the result of the behavioral characteristics and Cultural values of each of the Azeri and Mazani subcultures, which are described in the findings section. This explanation explains the relationship and impact of Cultural values of Tourists of each subculture on their wayfinding behavior.

Human-centered tourism consists of material and immaterial dimensions that are on the planet in the path of knowledge and awareness. Meanwhile, travel, and in particular the culture of peoples in an area, is a valuable resource for gaining awareness of it. Human perception as a Cultural Tourist, in addition to sensory, sensory, and social-perceived appearances, is linked to spiritual themes that embrace the core of all human receipts. The spiritual perception of the Cultural Tourist of travel, including the new terms, is first introduced in this research as one of the new concepts of tourism studies. Hence, the Cultural perceptual model of traveler's Cultural journey has been studied along with a case study on foreign Cultural Tourists in Isfahan. This research was conducted in a qualitative way based on the discovery, conducted in-depth interviews with experts, observation and interviews with foreign Tourists of Isfahan during the winter period of 1396 to summer 1397. Data obtained by content analysis, evaluation and obtained pattern were also verified from the point of view of experts. In the end, the result was that the Cultural tourism model of spiritual perception of travel influenced by internal and external factors consists of the default components of the Tourist, the esoteric truth, the apparent truth and the Tourist's action that during the journey and sensory, environmental and Social affairs.